Academic and career skills top tips sentence structure. Cleft comes from the verb to cleave, meaning to divide into two. It takes up to 10 minutes and is perfect for revision, warmup, or finishing the lesson the task. Conditional sentences type ii if you turn turns could turn the volume down, the music sounded would sound would sounded clearer. Cleft sentences multiplechoice exercise made by carmen luisa complete the sentences so that they have the same meaning as the sentences before them. In a cleft sentence, information which could be given in one clause is divided into two parts, each with its own verb. The concept of sentence balancing adds a special ring to the slogan, making it catchier and more memorable for customers to recognize. What i find amazing is that he cant even fry an egg.
Complete and correct it immediately, then you will be able to check your knowledge with the related lesson. This is sometimes called a dummy subject or an empty subject. Cleft sentences are complex sentences that are used to emphasise one particular part of a sentence. Cleft sentences result from changing the normal sentence pattern to emphasise a particular piece of information. The pirate captain sang a sea shanty on his pirate ship. Sentence meaning exercise 4 for these exercises, find the sentence that is closest in meaning to the one given for each question. Clefting a clause is a means of splitting the clause and moving the content before or after the predicate to produce a particular effect. Whclefts what i object to is violence on tv are most common ion conversation. Dear bankersdaily aspirant, here we have uploaded sentence improvement questions part 1. Rewite the following sentences using the words given in brackets. Passive to active and active to passive transformations these constitute around 10% of transformations. English grammar today a reference to written and spoken english grammar and usage cambridge dictionary.
So, if we dont have any other subject, we can use there or it. Using a comma alone is known as a comma splice, and it is incorrect. A cleft sentence is one where the original clause is divided into two clauses. Sentence and paragraph writing takes students from basic sentence writing skills at the beginning to sound and competent paragraph writing at the end.
Hes approaching the problem from an entirely new angle. The information that follows it is what is most important for the. Transformation of sentences containing the adverb too sentences containing the adverb too can be transformed by using the structure sothat. Some of the most common methods are explained below. Grammar worksheet second conditional if clause main clause if i won a million dollars, i would put the money in a bank.
Draw a line from each possible topic sentence on the left to the description on the right that best describes it. A topic sentence tells about the limited topic of a paragraph and expresses the focussing idea or conveys the main point of the. English sentences must have a subject except for imperative sentences. Oct 07, 2017 sentence improvementphrase replacement download pdf part 1. Learning sentence structure will help students master punctuation and write better sentences with a greater confidence. The word which could be the subject of a sentence is kate. It should be kept on mind that the second sentence should be consistent with the first one and in the same way, the fifth sentence should be consistent with the sixth one. Sentence structures combine each set of simple sentences below to produce the kind of sentence speci. A cleft sentence is a sentence that is cleft split so as to put the focus on one part of it.
Sentence fragments a sentence fragment is a piece of information that is punctuated as a sentence but that lacks some of the characteristics of a complete sentence. Complete sentences a sentence must contain both a subject and a verb. Cleft sentences have traditionally been viewed as divided into two parts, whereby the clefted constituent expresses a focus and the cleft clause expresses a presupposition. Fce sentence transformation exercises 1 complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence using the word given in brackets.
You should understand, so i explained everything in detail. Cleft sentences are a great way to make sentences more expressive and put special emphasis on certain clauses. For example it was the lecturer who started the experimen t. A declarative sentence, such asdavid studied english at oxfordcan be reformulated as. Board game with 15 squares, each with a cleft sentence prompt for a personal response. Cleft and pseudo cleft structures are used to highlight certain bits of information in the sentence. August 30, 2012 it can be used in cleft sentences with whoand thatclauses to emphasize one part of a sentence. Make the sentences more emphatic by rewriting them, beginning with the word s in brackets. This handout checks students ability on making cleft sentences. We use them to create emphasis by drawing attention to a particular aspect of the sentence. This is very useful for the aspirants who are taking ibps po prelims 2017. The basic pattern of a cleft sentence is the following. The part of the sentence that includes the verb is called the predicate. The main clause can also be at the beginning of the sentence.
Sentence transformation rewite the following sentences using. English offers many different ways to give prominence to specific parts of the sentence and well explore all of them little by little. The independent or main clause contains the most important idea, and the dependent clause adds extra information. The focused part comes next, and then the rest of the sentence is introduced by a relative pronoun, relative determiner, or relative adverb. We use cleft sentences, especially in speaking, to connect what is already understood to what is new to the listener. Transformation of sentences part i english practice learn. Tiered sentence combining tillamook bay community college. May be freely copied for personal or classroom use. Prince 1978, in fact, uses the terms focus and presupposition to identify these two parts of a cleft sentence. Writing sentences improving sentence structure level. We sometimes use constructions called cleft sentences when we want to focus on a particular part of the sentence. Sentences begin with a capital letter and end with a period, a question mark, or an exclamation point.
The word which could be the subject of a sentence is dog. Subjects, objects, and predicates with pirates worksheet. Conditional sentences first condition future possible. If we were given the sentence, john started the lunch line.
In a cleft sentence, a single message is divided cleft into two clauses. Possible topic sentence evaluation my family arrived in yosemite on july 14, 2011. It is possible to connect two independent clauses in a sentence by using a comma and a conjunction. These activities will help students improve their reading and understanding skills and prepare for exams such as toefl, ielts, pet, ket, bec preliminary. Conditional exercise first second third conditionals. One good example for this is global jet airlines tagline. The subject identifies who or what is performing an action and the verb identifies the action being performed. Subjects, objects, and predicates with pirates worksheet part one. In english, cleft sentences are one of the ways which help the speaker or writer to add emphasis to their sentences. A cleft sentence consists of two parts, often starting with it or wh. For example you could have the sentence the dog barked loudly. Cleft sentences are used to help us focus on a particular part of the sentence and to emphasise what we want to say by introducing it or building up to it with a kind of relative clause.
Mixed types put the verbs in brackets into the correct tenses. The purpose is to focus on one part of the clause it was the conservative government that increased the taxes. In a basic sentence, no particular emphasis is expressed. Sentence boundaries exercise 1 comma splices and fused sentences for help with comma splices and fused sentences, see pp. Choose the correct verb tense in each of the following sentences. Whclefts what i object to is violence on tv are most common ion. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. A collection of english esl worksheets for home learning, online practice, distance learning and english classes to teach about cleft, sentences, cleft sente. Cleft sentences ordering exercises 2 set of ten sentences. The most common types of cleft sentences follow an it or wh pattern. It can ideally used when students have grasped making relative clauses. Each sentence below contains three underlined parts, one of which is a comma splice or fused sentence.
They are particularly useful in writing where we cannot use intonation for emphasis, but they are also frequently used in speech. This is called a cleft sentence because the original sentence has been divided or cleft into two clauses. Cleft sentence english practice learn and practice. Thus, the information question in 1 below can be answered with 2, in which the answer to the question that is, the new information is clefted, but it cant be answered with 3. Underline subjects, circle predicates, and doubleunderline objects. Transform the following, emphasizing the part of the sentence which has been underlined. Cleft sentences by eduvinas this is a grammar guide to learn the proper use of the cleft sentences and how to add emphasis to a noun, a person, a time, a phrase or a. In this entry we are going to focus on cleft and pseudo cleft sentences, which allow us to emphasize different parts of the sentence by dividing it into two parts these two parts will be marked with a double. The transformation can be done in a number of ways. Common sentence problems runon or fused sentences, comma splices, and sentence fragments adapted from the little, brown handbook, 11th edition, contributors dayne sherman, jayetta slawson, natasha whitton, and jeff wiemelt, 2010, 330345. I would travel around the world if i had a million dollars. You will have to add, delete, change, and rearrange words. Notice that all the four sentences mean the same but give emphasis on different parts of the sentence.
Here are a variety of worksheets to help students master sentence structure. Middle school an independent clause is a complete sentence with a subject and a verb. Cleftsentence 3 it was in world war ii that my grandfather was killed in an encounter. Welcome to esl printables, the website where english language teachers exchange resources. They allow us to connect something that is follow understood to something that is new. These structures are useful in writing because we cannot use intonation for emphasis in written language. The information structure of english cleft sentences is discussed. The cleft sentence is introduced by it, which is followed by a verb phrase whose main verb is generally be. The reason why, the thing that, the personpeople who, the place where, the day when we can focus on an element of the sentence by using these structures with a relative clause. English esl cleft sentences worksheets most downloaded. A cleft sentence is used to put emphasis on a part of the sentence by making it the subject.
Cleft sentences rules and exercises for advanced level. A cleft sentence divides a proposition into two parts, which are interpreted as an exhaustive focus and a. Conditional sentences first condition future possible verb tenses in first conditional sentences directions. A collection of downloadable worksheets, exercises and activities to teach cleft sentences, shared by english language teachers. Nov 04, 2017 in each of the following sentences you have to remove a word to make them grammatically correct. Sentence or clause in this type of sentence, the clauses do not have equal importance. Pet writing part 1 transformations exercises complete the sencond sentence using one, two or three words only. Revise each of the following sentences to correct any comma splices or fused sentences. You may not succeed yet i advise you to make another attempt 4. Complete the sentences as cleft sentences focussing on the underlined phrases and including any words in bold. This song hit hits might hit the charts if they recorded records had recorded it in a studio. Whcleft sentences are usually considered pseudocleft because they very often occur in the pattern.
A complex sentence has one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses. For example, starting with the sentence john wants a mobile phone, we can form an it cleft to focus either on john or on a mobile phone. Complete the exercises on moodle that relate to the patterns you do not know. I will send her an invitation if i find her address. Therefore, real cleft sentences are usually done with itclauses. You must use between two and five words, including the word given.
The most common types are the it sentence patterns and the wh sentence patterns. A cleft sentence is a special structure used for emphasizing particular words or phrases. Sentence improvementphrase replacement download pdf part 1. For instance, compare the following two sentences, the second of which is a cleft sentence.
A sentence in which special emphasis is given to one part e. He also liked feeding his parrot, swashbuckling, and pillaging. Pseudocleft sentences also called whclefts are similar in function to cleft sentences, but they are formed with the pronoun what the things thatwhich. Cleft sentences are special constructions which are used to give emphasis to a particular part of the sentence, in which a simple sentence is expressed using a main clause and a subordinate clause. The concept of word tiers was developed in the late 1980s by isabel beck, margaret mckeown, and. In this lesson, we take a look at how and why we need to use cleft sentences. New information and given information in an it cleft construction, the clefted phrase presents new information, while the rest of the sentence is given information. It and there download this explanation in pdf here. We use the relative pronouns in the same way we use them in any relative clause. It was my mother who took john to the theater yesterday.
The purpose of a cleft is to put the clefted element into focus. Transformation of a sentence means changing the form of a sentence without changing its meaning. Cleft sentences it is possible to give special prominence to one element of a sentence by dividing it into two clauses, each with its own verb. Most cleft sentences are constructed by using a relative pronoun. In a cleft sentence we put everything into a kind of relative clause except the words we want to emphasize. In the sentence above, the action is barks, so barks is the verb. I ask a polite question and i expect a polite reply 2. We will focus on these two types of cleft sentence patterns in this lesson. Apart from literature, balanced sentences are also apparent in todays advertising slogans. What john did yesterday was steal a book from the library. Because there are two clauses parts to the sentence it is called cleft from the verb cleave which means divided into two. The original sentence has a single clause, but in the two cleft sentences, there are two clauses and this can have the effect of changing the emphasis to focus on john in the first and the money in the second.
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