Academic and career skills top tips sentence structure. Subjects, objects, and predicates with pirates worksheet part one. Dear bankersdaily aspirant, here we have uploaded sentence improvement questions part 1. These structures are useful in writing because we cannot use intonation for emphasis in written language. Cleft sentences are special constructions which are used to give emphasis to a particular part of the sentence, in which a simple sentence is expressed using a main clause and a subordinate clause.
Therefore, real cleft sentences are usually done with itclauses. What john did yesterday was steal a book from the library. It should be kept on mind that the second sentence should be consistent with the first one and in the same way, the fifth sentence should be consistent with the sixth one. The main clause can also be at the beginning of the sentence. For instance, compare the following two sentences, the second of which is a cleft sentence. August 30, 2012 it can be used in cleft sentences with whoand thatclauses to emphasize one part of a sentence. Transform the following, emphasizing the part of the sentence which has been underlined. You must use between two and five words, including the word given. A complex sentence has one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses. Sentence transformation rewite the following sentences using. Make the sentences more emphatic by rewriting them, beginning with the word s in brackets.
Begin by working on subjects, predicates, and objects, and then move on to clauses. A collection of english esl worksheets for home learning, online practice, distance learning and english classes to teach about cleft, sentences, cleft sente. Subjects, objects, and predicates with pirates worksheet. Sentence or clause in this type of sentence, the clauses do not have equal importance. It and there download this explanation in pdf here.
Complete and correct it immediately, then you will be able to check your knowledge with the related lesson. Sentences begin with a capital letter and end with a period, a question mark, or an exclamation point. A cleft sentence is a sentence that is cleft split so as to put the focus on one part of it. The part of the sentence that includes the verb is called the predicate. Most cleft sentences are constructed by using a relative pronoun. Possible topic sentence evaluation my family arrived in yosemite on july 14, 2011. Whclefts what i object to is violence on tv are most common ion. In the sentence above, the action is barks, so barks is the verb. Here are a variety of worksheets to help students master sentence structure.
Hes approaching the problem from an entirely new angle. The basic pattern of a cleft sentence is the following. English offers many different ways to give prominence to specific parts of the sentence and well explore all of them little by little. Notice that all the four sentences mean the same but give emphasis on different parts of the sentence.
So, if we dont have any other subject, we can use there or it. Cleft sentences are used to help us focus on a particular part of the sentence and to emphasise what we want to say by introducing it or building up to it with a kind of relative clause. This handout checks students ability on making cleft sentences. In this lesson, we take a look at how and why we need to use cleft sentences.
Draw a line from each possible topic sentence on the left to the description on the right that best describes it. In this entry we are going to focus on cleft and pseudo cleft sentences, which allow us to emphasize different parts of the sentence by dividing it into two parts these two parts will be marked with a double. Tiered sentence combining tillamook bay community college. Cleft sentences it is possible to give special prominence to one element of a sentence by dividing it into two clauses, each with its own verb. Passive to active and active to passive transformations these constitute around 10% of transformations. This is called a cleft sentence because the original sentence has been divided or cleft into two clauses. One good example for this is global jet airlines tagline.
They are particularly useful in writing where we cannot use intonation for emphasis, but they are also frequently used in speech. A collection of downloadable worksheets, exercises and activities to teach cleft sentences, shared by english language teachers. Cleft sentences are a great way to make sentences more expressive and put special emphasis on certain clauses. Complete the exercises on moodle that relate to the patterns you do not know. This song hit hits might hit the charts if they recorded records had recorded it in a studio. Prince 1978, in fact, uses the terms focus and presupposition to identify these two parts of a cleft sentence. Pseudocleft sentences also called whclefts are similar in function to cleft sentences, but they are formed with the pronoun what the things thatwhich. It is possible to connect two independent clauses in a sentence by using a comma and a conjunction. Cleft sentences rules and exercises for advanced level. A cleft sentence consists of two parts, often starting with it or wh.
Rewite the following sentences using the words given in brackets. May be freely copied for personal or classroom use. The subject identifies who or what is performing an action and the verb identifies the action being performed. Cleft sentence english practice learn and practice. This is very useful for the aspirants who are taking ibps po prelims 2017. Middle school an independent clause is a complete sentence with a subject and a verb. Transformation of sentences part i english practice learn. English sentences must have a subject except for imperative sentences. English esl cleft sentences worksheets most downloaded. The most common types of cleft sentences follow an it or wh pattern.
You should understand, so i explained everything in detail. Each sentence below contains three underlined parts, one of which is a comma splice or fused sentence. Clefting a clause is a means of splitting the clause and moving the content before or after the predicate to produce a particular effect. For example it was the lecturer who started the experimen t. For example you could have the sentence the dog barked loudly. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. In a basic sentence, no particular emphasis is expressed. Cleft sentences are complex sentences that are used to emphasise one particular part of a sentence. The most common types are the it sentence patterns and the wh sentence patterns. The concept of word tiers was developed in the late 1980s by isabel beck, margaret mckeown, and. Sentence structures combine each set of simple sentences below to produce the kind of sentence speci. Conditional sentences first condition future possible. Nov 04, 2017 in each of the following sentences you have to remove a word to make them grammatically correct.
In a cleft sentence, a single message is divided cleft into two clauses. Revise each of the following sentences to correct any comma splices or fused sentences. Cleft sentences ordering exercises 2 set of ten sentences. Transformation of sentences containing the adverb too sentences containing the adverb too can be transformed by using the structure sothat. I would travel around the world if i had a million dollars. Cleft sentences by eduvinas this is a grammar guide to learn the proper use of the cleft sentences and how to add emphasis to a noun, a person, a time, a phrase or a. Cleft and pseudo cleft structures are used to highlight certain bits of information in the sentence.
Mixed types put the verbs in brackets into the correct tenses. You will have to add, delete, change, and rearrange words. In english, cleft sentences are one of the ways which help the speaker or writer to add emphasis to their sentences. A cleft sentence is one where the original clause is divided into two clauses. It can ideally used when students have grasped making relative clauses. For example, starting with the sentence john wants a mobile phone, we can form an it cleft to focus either on john or on a mobile phone. It takes up to 10 minutes and is perfect for revision, warmup, or finishing the lesson the task.
We use them to create emphasis by drawing attention to a particular aspect of the sentence. Welcome to esl printables, the website where english language teachers exchange resources. A topic sentence tells about the limited topic of a paragraph and expresses the focussing idea or conveys the main point of the. Cleft sentences have traditionally been viewed as divided into two parts, whereby the clefted constituent expresses a focus and the cleft clause expresses a presupposition. A cleft sentence is used to put emphasis on a part of the sentence by making it the subject. The transformation can be done in a number of ways. The independent or main clause contains the most important idea, and the dependent clause adds extra information.
Writing sentences improving sentence structure level. English grammar today a reference to written and spoken english grammar and usage cambridge dictionary. The concept of sentence balancing adds a special ring to the slogan, making it catchier and more memorable for customers to recognize. Cleftsentence 3 it was in world war ii that my grandfather was killed in an encounter. We sometimes use constructions called cleft sentences when we want to focus on a particular part of the sentence. The information structure of english cleft sentences is discussed. The word which could be the subject of a sentence is kate. Sentence improvementphrase replacement download pdf part 1. I will send her an invitation if i find her address. It was my mother who took john to the theater yesterday. Sentence boundaries exercise 1 comma splices and fused sentences for help with comma splices and fused sentences, see pp. The pirate captain sang a sea shanty on his pirate ship. The word which could be the subject of a sentence is dog.
A sentence in which special emphasis is given to one part e. Whcleft sentences are usually considered pseudocleft because they very often occur in the pattern. The reason why, the thing that, the personpeople who, the place where, the day when we can focus on an element of the sentence by using these structures with a relative clause. Conditional sentences first condition future possible verb tenses in first conditional sentences directions. Apart from literature, balanced sentences are also apparent in todays advertising slogans. Pet writing part 1 transformations exercises complete the sencond sentence using one, two or three words only. Cleft sentences multiplechoice exercise made by carmen luisa complete the sentences so that they have the same meaning as the sentences before them. Grammar worksheet second conditional if clause main clause if i won a million dollars, i would put the money in a bank. Conditional sentences type ii if you turn turns could turn the volume down, the music sounded would sound would sounded clearer. Sentence and paragraph writing takes students from basic sentence writing skills at the beginning to sound and competent paragraph writing at the end. The cleft sentence is introduced by it, which is followed by a verb phrase whose main verb is generally be. Board game with 15 squares, each with a cleft sentence prompt for a personal response.
The purpose of a cleft is to put the clefted element into focus. We will focus on these two types of cleft sentence patterns in this lesson. A cleft sentence is a special structure used for emphasizing particular words or phrases. Learning sentence structure will help students master punctuation and write better sentences with a greater confidence. The purpose is to focus on one part of the clause it was the conservative government that increased the taxes. You may not succeed yet i advise you to make another attempt 4. Sentence meaning exercise 4 for these exercises, find the sentence that is closest in meaning to the one given for each question. Conditional exercise first second third conditionals. If we were given the sentence, john started the lunch line. Some of the most common methods are explained below. The original sentence has a single clause, but in the two cleft sentences, there are two clauses and this can have the effect of changing the emphasis to focus on john in the first and the money in the second. Choose the correct verb tense in each of the following sentences.
Thus, the information question in 1 below can be answered with 2, in which the answer to the question that is, the new information is clefted, but it cant be answered with 3. A cleft sentence divides a proposition into two parts, which are interpreted as an exhaustive focus and a. We use the relative pronouns in the same way we use them in any relative clause. Underline subjects, circle predicates, and doubleunderline objects. This is sometimes called a dummy subject or an empty subject. He also liked feeding his parrot, swashbuckling, and pillaging. We use cleft sentences, especially in speaking, to connect what is already understood to what is new to the listener. They allow us to connect something that is follow understood to something that is new.
Oct 07, 2017 sentence improvementphrase replacement download pdf part 1. Because there are two clauses parts to the sentence it is called cleft from the verb cleave which means divided into two. New information and given information in an it cleft construction, the clefted phrase presents new information, while the rest of the sentence is given information. In a cleft sentence, information which could be given in one clause is divided into two parts, each with its own verb. Complete sentences a sentence must contain both a subject and a verb. Transformation of a sentence means changing the form of a sentence without changing its meaning. Sentence fragments a sentence fragment is a piece of information that is punctuated as a sentence but that lacks some of the characteristics of a complete sentence.
Fce sentence transformation exercises 1 complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence using the word given in brackets. These activities will help students improve their reading and understanding skills and prepare for exams such as toefl, ielts, pet, ket, bec preliminary. The information that follows it is what is most important for the. Common sentence problems runon or fused sentences, comma splices, and sentence fragments adapted from the little, brown handbook, 11th edition, contributors dayne sherman, jayetta slawson, natasha whitton, and jeff wiemelt, 2010, 330345. Cleft comes from the verb to cleave, meaning to divide into two. I ask a polite question and i expect a polite reply 2. Complete the sentences as cleft sentences focussing on the underlined phrases and including any words in bold. In a cleft sentence we put everything into a kind of relative clause except the words we want to emphasize. A declarative sentence, such asdavid studied english at oxfordcan be reformulated as. Whclefts what i object to is violence on tv are most common ion conversation. The focused part comes next, and then the rest of the sentence is introduced by a relative pronoun, relative determiner, or relative adverb. Cleft sentences result from changing the normal sentence pattern to emphasise a particular piece of information. What i find amazing is that he cant even fry an egg.
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